Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Hope in the Treatment of Diseases, including Muscular Dystrophies
by Alyssa
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Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are laboratory-produced cells that combine the advantages of biological and adult somatic stem cells for cell-based therapies. The reprogramming of cells, such as fibroblasts, into embryonic stem cell-like state is done by ectopic expression of transcription factor is responsible for generating embryonic stem cell properties.
This primer factor is octamer – bind transcription factor 4 (Oct3 / 4 ), sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), Krüppel like factor 4 (Klf 4 ), and the proto-oncogene homolog protein from bird myelocytomatosis (c-Myc). Somatic cells can be easily obtained from the patient to be subjected to cell therapy and reprogrammed to obtain necessary high plasticity of embryonic stem cells.
These cells have no ethical limitations were involved, as in the case of embryonic stem cells, and displays minimal risk of immunologic rejection after transplantation. Currently, several ongoing clinical trials, most of them in Phase I or II. However, some of the inherent risks, such as chromosomal instability, insertional tumor, and teratoma formation, must be overcome to achieve full clinical translation. However, clinical trials and extensive basic research studying the biology of these cells, a promising future for the human cell-based therapy using iPS cells seem to be more clear and close.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Hope in the Treatment of Diseases, including Muscular Dystrophies
Dexamethasone inhibits stemness Improving maintenance and chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells by inducing deSUMOylation HIF-1α and Oct4
It has been controversial whether patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should receive glucocorticoid therapy during chemotherapy. Recent studies have shown that glucocorticoids increase the sensitivity of tumor therapy for some chemotherapy drugs, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this study, dexamethasone (Dex) is used for stem cells to treat HCC. The results showed that Dex reduced maintenance stemness and self-renewal of cells HCC stem, promoted the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration inhibiting and angiogenesis and, more importantly, increase the sensitivity of cells to herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase / ganciclovir system of medicine in vitro and in vivo.
Further mechanistic analysis showed that Dex inhibits small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification of some proteins in HCC stem cells, including hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) -1α, protein hypoxia tolerance is important, and octamer – bind transcription factor 4 (October 4 ), stemness protein essential maintenance. DeSUMOylation encourage HIF-1α and October 4 reduced their accumulation in the nucleus, thereby inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and maintenance of stemness.
This finding provides a new perspective to study the mechanisms underlying the effects of anti-hepatocarcinogenesis of Dex. Because of the side effects of glucocorticoids on low-dose anti-inflammatory effect, the right combination of glucocorticoids and chemotherapy drugs are expected to improve the survival of HCC patients and their prognosis.Androgen deprivation therapy eventually lead to the development castration- resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
Description: Lin28 Antibody: Lin28 is a transcription factor that was first identified through its key role in the pathway of developmental timing in C. elegans. The role of Lin28 in development suggested that it might be useful in the creation of stem cells that might be beneficial in cell replacement therapies in the treatment of several degenerative diseases. Artificial stem cells, termed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, can be created by expressing Lin28 in addition to the transcription factors POU5F1, Sox2, and NANOG in mouse fibroblasts. More recently, experiments have demonstrated that iPS cells could be generated using expression plasmids expressing Lin28, Sox2, POU5F1 and c-Myc, eliminating the need for virus introduction, thereby addressing a safety concern for potential use of iPS cells in regenerative medicine.
Description: Lin28 Antibody: Lin28 is a transcription factor that was first identified through its key role in the pathway of developmental timing in C. elegans. The role of Lin28 in development suggested that it might be useful in the creation of stem cells that might be beneficial in cell replacement therapies in the treatment of several degenerative diseases. Artificial stem cells, termed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, can be created by expressing Lin28 in addition to the transcription factors POU5F1, Sox2, and NANOG in mouse fibroblasts. More recently, experiments have demonstrated that iPS cells could be generated using expression plasmids expressing Lin28, Sox2, POU5F1 and c-Myc, eliminating the need for virus introduction, thereby addressing a safety concern for potential use of iPS cells in regenerative medicine.
Description: Acts as a 'translational enhancer', driving specific mRNAs to polysomes and thus increasing the efficiency of protein synthesis. Its association with the translational machinery and target mRNAs results in an increased number of initiation events per molecule of mRNA and, indirectly, in stabilizing the mRNAs. Binds IGF2 mRNA, MYOD1 mRNA, ARBP/36B4 ribosomal protein mRNA and its own mRNA. Essential for skeletal muscle differentiation program through the translational up-regulation of IGF2 expression (By similarity). Acts as a suppressor of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis by specifically binding the precursor let-7 (pre-let-7), a miRNA precursor. Acts by binding pre-let-7 and recruiting ZCCHC11/TUT4 uridylyltransferase, leading to the terminal uridylation of pre-let-7. Uridylated pre-let-7 miRNAs fail to be processed by Dicer and undergo degradation. Degradation of pre-let-7 in embryonic stem (ES) cells contributes to the maintenance of ES cells. In contrast, LIN28A down-regulation in neural stem cells by miR-125, allows the processing of pre-let-7. Specifically recognizes the 5'-GGAG-3' motif in the terminal loop of pre-let-7. Also recognizes and binds non pre-let-7 pre-miRNAs that contain the 5'-GGAG-3' motif in the terminal loop, leading to their terminal uridylation and subsequent degradation.
Description: Acts as a 'translational enhancer', driving specific mRNAs to polysomes and thus increasing the efficiency of protein synthesis. Its association with the translational machinery and target mRNAs results in an increased number of initiation events per molecule of mRNA and, indirectly, in stabilizing the mRNAs. Binds IGF2 mRNA, MYOD1 mRNA, ARBP/36B4 ribosomal protein mRNA and its own mRNA. Essential for skeletal muscle differentiation program through the translational up-regulation of IGF2 expression (By similarity). Acts as a suppressor of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis by specifically binding the precursor let-7 (pre-let-7), a miRNA precursor. Acts by binding pre-let-7 and recruiting ZCCHC11/TUT4 uridylyltransferase, leading to the terminal uridylation of pre-let-7. Uridylated pre-let-7 miRNAs fail to be processed by Dicer and undergo degradation. Degradation of pre-let-7 in embryonic stem (ES) cells contributes to the maintenance of ES cells. In contrast, LIN28A down-regulation in neural stem cells by miR-125, allows the processing of pre-let-7. Specifically recognizes the 5'-GGAG-3' motif in the terminal loop of pre-let-7. Also recognizes and binds non pre-let-7 pre-miRNAs that contain the 5'-GGAG-3' motif in the terminal loop, leading to their terminal uridylation and subsequent degradation.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LIN9. Recognizes LIN9 from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LIN28B. Recognizes LIN28B from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LIN28A. Recognizes LIN28A from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LIN7A. Recognizes LIN7A from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: Lin28 Monoclonal Antibody: Lin28 is a transcription factor that was first identified through its key role in the pathway of developmental timing in C. elegans. The role of Lin28 in development suggested that it might be useful in the creation of stem cells that might be beneficial in cell replacement therapies in the treatment of several degenerative diseases. Artificial stem cells, termed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, can be created by expressing Lin28 in addition to the transcription factors POU5F1, Sox2, and NANOG in mouse fibroblasts. More recently, experiments have demonstrated that iPS cells could be generated using expression plasmids expressing Lin28, Sox2, POU5F1 and c-Myc, eliminating the need for virus introduction, thereby addressing a safety concern for potential use of iPS cells in regenerative medicine.
Description: Lin28 Monoclonal Antibody: Lin28 is a transcription factor that was first identified through its key role in the pathway of developmental timing in C. elegans. The role of Lin28 in development suggested that it might be useful in the creation of stem cells that might be beneficial in cell replacement therapies in the treatment of several degenerative diseases. Artificial stem cells, termed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, can be created by expressing Lin28 in addition to the transcription factors POU5F1, Sox2, and NANOG in mouse fibroblasts. More recently, experiments have demonstrated that iPS cells could be generated using expression plasmids expressing Lin28, Sox2, POU5F1 and c-Myc, eliminating the need for virus introduction, thereby addressing a safety concern for potential use of iPS cells in regenerative medicine.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Lin28 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human LIN28 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LINC00299. Recognizes LINC00299 from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LINC00846. Recognizes LINC00846 from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LINC01553. Recognizes LINC01553 from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Here, we demonstrate for the first time that histone H3K 4 SETD1A methyltransferase is the main regulator of the proliferation of metastatic CRPC (mCRPC). SETD1A expression was significantly correlated with survival rate of patients with prostate cancer.
