Inhibition of neural stem cell aging through the transient induction of reprogramming factors
by Alyssa
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Adult stem cells age during long-term culture in vitro, and neural stem cells (NSC), which can renew themselves and differentiate into neurons and glial cells, also in the show reduces the differentiation potential after repeated passaging. However, the mechanistic details underlying this process remains unclear.
In this study, we found that the long-term in vitro culture of NSCs resulted inflammatory- aging-associated upregulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes, including the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β and IL6, which senescence- enzyme-linked matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), and ER stress-responsive transcription factor activating transcription factor 4 (ATF 4 ) and C / EBP homologous protein (CHOP).
However, the induction of cyclic and while the four reprogramming factor (POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1, also known as octamer < / em> – bind transcription factor 4 ; SRY [sex determination region Y] -box 2; Kruppel – such as factor 4 , and myelocytomatosis oncogene; collectively referred to as OSKM) can inhibit the aging of the NSC, as indicated by a decrease in the expression of genes related to inflammation and ER stress.
We use ROSA- 4 F NSC, which revealed OSKM only one allele, to minimize the potential for full reprogramming or formation of tumors during NSC rejuvenation. We hope that this novel method of rejuvenation will increase the potential of NSCs as a clinical approach to the treatment of neurological diseases. True hermaphroditism with dysgerminomas: A case report ntroduction:
Inhibition of neural stem cell aging through the transient induction of reprogramming factors
True hermaphroditism is a rare disorder and is usually sporadic.
It is defined by the presence of both ovaries and testes tissue together as ovotestis.Patient concerns: In this study, we report a rare case of true hermaphroditism with dysgerminomas. A 4 9 year old woman developed a mass in the inguinal region for 30 years. Recently three months, patients find that the size of the mass in her left inguinal region increased significantly.
Diagnosis: After surgical resection, the results of immunohistochemistry mass of the left reveals dysgerminomas with positive expression of placental alkaline phosphatase and octamer – bind transcription factor 3 / 4 , and the mass of the right is cryptorchidism a. chromosome analysis revealed a karyotype 4 6, XY. The combined immunohistochemistry and karyotype analysis, the diagnosis of true hermaphroditism with dysgerminomas made.
Intervention: Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy after resection of the tumor used to improve his prognosis. Hormone replacement therapy with conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate is used to maintain her female characteristics. Results: Patients undergoing hormone replacement and has been well over 6 months.
Conclusion: Expressions positive of placental alkaline phosphatase and octamer – bind transcription factor 3 / 4 can 2 marker dysgerminomas diagnosis. Surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy could improve the prognosis dysgerminomas. In addition, hormone replacement therapy with conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate greatly help to maintain female characteristics of patients with true hermaphroditism
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